On 8 March we celebrate International Women's Day. A time to reflect and promote the dignity of women as a Claretian family. In the words of St John Paul II: ‘For this to happen, the dignity of women must be promoted above all in the Church.’ (Ecclesia in Europa 2003, n. 43)
On this occasion, we would like to thank the Claretian sisters RMI who have prepared this prayer-reflection to celebrate in community and raise awareness of this principle of the Social Doctrine of the Church, the defence of the dignity of the person.
Following the invitation of the Claretian sisters in this prayer, let us remember all the women who have been and are part of our lives and, in addition to congratulating them, let us promote their dignity.
At the end of the year 2024, Father Antonio Llamas asked me to write about the social reality of Venezuela from my missionary experience, so I dare to write these paragraphs; I do not do it from a deep and exhaustive vision of the reality, through this writing I recognize my limitations of interpretation of the context and the facts; with this, I simply want to leave in this text what we have lived in this beautiful country, apart, I tried to highlight some small initiatives that arise from the context, responding to the social reality where we are immersed.
This text was initiated after Nicolás Maduro took his oath as president of Venezuela on 10 January, following the controversial results of the presidential elections of 28 July 2024; Even so, these lines do not intend to make a political analysis after that event, but a sharing of experiences from what we have lived day by day, collecting the moments and missionary actions in the social situation that we face in our mission, and citing some ideas and research results of experts in order to reinforce the ideas in terms of analysis of the complex social reality that we live in Venezuela.
A Complex Social, Political and Economic Reality
For more than a decade, Venezuela has been trapped in a deep crisis that affects all aspects of its economy, starting with the breakdown of the economic model, which depends on oil exports and the economic centrality of the state. Likewise, in recent decades, Venezuela has experienced a political deterioration of its democracy.
There are four factors to understand the Venezuelan crisis according to Victor Mijares (professor at the Department of Political Science at the University of the Andes): First, oil must give it, this is reflected in the relationship of Venezuelans where oil is part of their idiosyncrasy, since oil does not employ more than 150, but it must support 32 million of them; secondly, the state permeates the relationship between state and society, generating a situation of clientelism and paternalism; thirdly, the "civil-military relationship has generated a praetorian power scheme, where the military is the balance´s pivot."; fourthly, the relationship between Venezuela and the rest of the world, where a few take advantage of oil resources. For Mijares, this situation could be dangerous and uncomfortable, because as such a small country, it is caught in the middle of powers such as Russia, China and the United States.
From this perspective we can understand that Venezuela was once considered one of the richest countries in Latin America, with an economy based on oil, but in recent decades this economy has suffered multiple crises and has become one of the most economically and politically difficult countries in the region.
Indicators such as GDP per capita have declined; since Nicolás Maduro became president, Venezuela has lost US$ 4,825 in GDP per capita, since in 2013, when he took office, it was at US$ 8,692 and by 2024 it had fallen to US$ 3,867, extreme poverty and inequality are realities that reflect a picture of a deteriorating country, trapped by the multiple aspects of the crisis. This reality was worsened by international politics and the economic embargo applied by the United States.
To quote Luis Oliveros, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at the Metropolitan University of Venezuela, Venezuela's oil production at the moment is only a third of what it was fifteen years ago; from this picture, we can imagine that the situation of development in this country is even more difficult. For this reason, one of the strategies applied by the government to keep the country's economy moving forward is to increase taxes on the private sector, which then brings with it some consequences, including high costs for the business sector and production.
The complex reality, both politically and economically within the country, has caused waves of massive migration of Venezuelans to different countries in America and Europe. According to UNHCR data, more than 7.7 million people have left Venezuela in search of protection and a better life; the majority, more than 6.5 million people, have been taken in by countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. But we cannot ignore the fact that this flow of migration creates other problems in the host countries, such as xenophobia, employment opportunities, rights violations, low-cost skilled labour, prostitution and mistreatment and other social problems.
This has caused the absence of professional personnel in the country, health, education, technology and industry, among others; a major concern, however, is the reality of family breakdown caused by migration and the economic effect caused by it, as those who migrate often send money (remittances) to their relatives in the country. According to studies, remittances from abroad play an increasingly important role in the Venezuelan economy, with around 35% of Venezuelan households receiving remittances from abroad frequently or occasionally. Statistics show that the average amount of remittances sent per month stands at US$65, and the total amount of remittances sent amounts to US$3 billion annually. This figure has increased 120% since 2020, when it was around 1.3 billion.
In relation to the economy, the official currency of Venezuela is the Bolivar, although it is not official, the dollar is the currency that circulates most in the economy, thus causing an informal dollarisation. In this reality, the government manages the value of exchange rates through the Venezuelan Central Bank, but with a fluctuating exchange rate that shows the economic instability and the impact it has on the family economy.
According to statistics, the BCV dollar rose only 2.67% in the first nine months of 2024, but since October the increase has been 40.66%, so the variation in the prices of materials, food, health, and life in general, is given according to the exchange rate of the day, hence the economic instability, hindering development and exacerbating the crisis. To this we have to add that the markets do not always charge according to the official rate of the BCV, because there are other exchange models, such as the parallel, the average (which is an exchange rate that is given by averaging the different rates) and this always leads to a variation in prices.
From this point of view, in the year 2023, ENCOVI (National Survey of Living Conditions) conducted a survey, showing the following indicators: 51.9% of the population lives below the poverty line; but, in detail, ENCOVI reports the results of its surveys, indicating that 89% of households suffer from food insecurity and cannot cover the costs of the basic food basket and 70% of the population lives in areas at high risk of natural hazards.
Regarding unemployment figures, there are different statistics, depending on the sources of reference for consultations. For the Venezuelan government, the unemployment rate of its population is 7.8%, while according to the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) this figure rises to 40.3%. According to data from the Venezuelan Public Services Observatory (OVSP), 77% of Venezuelans have limited access to water, while 11% of the population claims to have access to drinking water any day of the week.
Food, Health and Education
Food, health and education are fundamental issues in the current situation in Venezuela as part of the basic rights of human life. In this situation of crisis, the last few years have marked a profound deterioration in the living conditions of Venezuelans, which is also reflected in the reduction and availability of access to food purchases due to inflation.
Michael Fakhri, the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on the right to food, in his visit to Venezuela in February 2024, highlighted "the difficulties Venezuelan families face in meeting their basic needs, resorting to negative measures such as reducing food portions, skipping meals and purchasing less nutritious products".
This context has affected the health condition of Venezuelans, since according to the data, "30% of public hospitals do not have any type of basic material such as linen, caps, surgical gowns, masks, among others" ("Venezuela: radiography of a health system in crisis"). We found a health care system implemented by the government that favours first aid in the locality in agreement with the Cuban state. At the moment, these care centres are also suffering from a lack of basic materials.
In the midst of the crisis there is the possibility of private health insurance. But their prices are very high. According to the NGO Médicos Unidos por Venezuela, more than 90% of the population cannot afford an insurance policy, nor the cost of care in a private hospital, so most of them depend on a public health system that is in crisis. Access to care in a public hospital for surgery requires a long waiting time to be attended to and the patient has to pay for some of the supplies, which also becomes a traumatic experience for those who have to pay for it.
The educational reality in the country is not very different. The news portal DW (Deutsche Welle) in its report in October 2024, revealed current data based on data from the NGO Observatorio de Derechos Humanos of the University of Los Andes de Venezuela, which states that "more than half" of the country's teaching staff are "below the poverty line". In the same article, DW reported that, citing data from the Centre for Documentation and Social Analysis of the Venezuelan Federation of Teachers (CENDAS-FVM) calculated that the average monthly salary of a teacher is about 21 dollars at the official exchange rate, which would be insufficient to cover the cost of the basic food basket, estimated -in August 2024 by this organisation- at 107.8 dollars per person; in addition, they have to cover support materials, which they cannot find in the institution, and transport to carry out their academic activity.
Against this backdrop, there is a reality of high school dropout and deficit of teaching staff, inadequate infrastructure that does not guarantee the educational processes for the best educational development; in the research of DevTech Systems, in which the University of Los Andes, Venezuela, participates, the main cause of school absenteeism during the period 2020-2021 is given by: "lack of food at home (78.3 per cent), lack of basic services (56.7 per cent), not being able to acquire school materials and supplies (55.5 per cent), health reasons (44.4 per cent), need to help with household chores (43.7 per cent), the student does not want to continue studying (43.5 per cent), the student does not consider education important (39.7 per cent), and cost of transportation (25.9 per cent). More than half of the students (56.9 per cent) reported suffering from food vulnerability".
Claretian Initiatives From the Line of Solidarity and Mission-SOMI
The Claretian presence in Venezuela is not alien to the reality of its population. Precisely, the sense of the missionary vocation consists in continuing to walk with the people in the midst of this social reality they are living.
Faced with this reality, our Congregation is aware of the most pressing human challenge: the sustainability of human life and of the Common Home. Following the Chapter orientations (QC 81-86), the Province of Colombia Venezuela rereads this global dream, appropriating it to the conditions of the Organism and its two regions of mission and advocacy, We "dream of a Province of Colombia Venezuela with communities committed to the care and defence of the Common Home and to the construction of Interculturality, justice and evangelical peace, within the framework of the project of Solidarity and Mission".
From this dream, we are marked on the horizon by actions in which we contribute to the realisation of the dignity and equality of individuals, peoples, communities and cultures in their self-determination, sustainability and preservation of the Common Home. Our commitments are beacons that guide our weaving, walking, articulating and influencing from and with our missionary communities, incarnating ourselves in solidarity with the humanity of the poor and the victims, "one cannot be a Claretian as if the poor -and the victims- did not exist, neither can one be a Claretian without denouncing the structures of injustice, without fighting against the system that perpetuates them, proposing alternatives".
In the midst of the reality of Venezuela, based on our missionary vocation and guided by the lines of action of the congregation, our communities have set up structures for the pastoral animation of Solidarity and Mission, SOMI-Justice, Peace and Integrity of Creation (JPIC) at the local, zonal and regional levels in order to boost the social actions in our mission. Therefore, outside the sacramental services in our missionary centres (parishes, schools and the formation house), the situation that surrounds us forces us to look creatively beyond worship, to enter into the social sphere, since religious processes must go hand in hand with the social processes of the people; we cannot be alien to the social reality of the people.
In an organised way, the province through the mission procure, Proclade ColVen, the local community, and the General Mission procure with the support of some organisations of the congregation, our schools, some local NGO's, Diocesan Caritas, creatively attend to the crisis situation in different areas, responding to the situation according to the context and the need of the area and the local context where we are located.
Some initiatives that can be highlighted are:
In times of strong crisis and in times of pandemic Covid 19 (2017-2021), and in some missionary centres (San Felix, Delta Amacuro and Merida) continue until today, the initiative "Solidarity Pot" which consists of preparing food and distributing it to the neediest people in different localities where we are present.
Medical care, which consists in the organisation of a medical dispensary together with other NGOs, religious communities and diocesan Caritas, which attends to the primary care of people in need. This care can be found for example in our parishes in Delta Amacuro, San Felix, Caracas and Mérida.
Youth experiences, art, culture and sport as a means of resilience. In Venezuela, in each of our missionary centres we continue to support youth work and training, and for 45 years, the ANCLA (Antonio Claret) movement continues to be a hopeful way to train young people to be agents of transformation.
Training/Courses for entrepreneurship, in mission areas such as Delta Amacuro, San Félix, Barquisimeto, and Mérida, through training for entrepreneurship, handicraft courses are strengthened in order to enable people to support their families.
These experiences are small initiatives and can be very welfare-oriented, but they are a step towards our being able to continue accompanying the social processes of the communities.
In conclusion
In recent years, some said, the reality in Venezuela has improved, and this is reflected in the stocking of supermarkets, where the shelves are full of food, the currency circulating and the prices are in dollars, but in reality, many of the population do not have the purchasing power; therefore, at the social level, there is a big gap between the rich and the poor.
For the Claretians it continues to be a challenge to continue accompanying this people, to walk with them in the midst of their social reality and that new initiatives may arise that help the social processes of the local communities, reaffirming our vocation and missionary presence as a sign of hope in the midst of the social reality that suffers.
As you know, the population of eastern DRC has been suffering for three decades from a war waged by more than 100 armed groups in the provinces of Sud Kivu, Nord Kivu and Ituri, a region rich in agricultural products and mineral resources. The latest reports of the UN group of experts on the security situation in DRC sufficiently prove the support of Rwandan troops to the M23, one of these rebel groups which, after having taken control over a vast rural area of Nord Kivu, advanced on the important city of Minova and on 29 January laid siege to the city of Goma, capital of the province. During this M23 expansion, the escalation of violence and the deterioration of the humanitarian situation reached an unprecedented level of severity.
In addition to the seven million IDPs already in the region, an additional 400,000 refugees fled the M23 attacks in Minova and sought asylum in the already overcrowded camps in Goma in January. Once there, the M23 targeted these refugee camps for attack, resulting in hundreds of civilian deaths and thousands of injuries. Lying on the ground, the latter await medical assistance in overflowing hospitals. The population of Goma was deprived of water, electricity and livelihoods for four days. In addition, the M23 attacked the bases of the UN peacekeeping mission, causing the death of 14 blue helmets. Such events constitute crimes against humanity and war crimes.
As expressed by different actors in DRC society and government, the presence of Rwandan troops on Congolese soil openly supporting the M23 militia represents a flagrant violation of national sovereignty and international law. This is why, during the emergency meetings convened by the UN Security Council on 26 and 28 January, most countries stressed the real risk of a new crisis in the Great Lakes Zone and called on Rwanda to withdraw its troops from the DRC and its support for the M23. For its part, MONUSCO is calling for the creation of humanitarian passages to allow the provision of essential supplies, the relief of personnel and the safe movement of the civilian population. To this end, it is urgent that the DRC and Rwanda re-launch the political dialogue (Luanda Process), as military means are proving incapable of resolving the conflict.
As for the causes of the problem, although the coalition of the Rwandan army and the M23 present the defence of the Tutsi community as justification for their presence in DRC, what they operate is a territorial occupation and control of mining areas, for example Rubaya in the territory of Masisi, where there are important reserves of Coltan (present in our telephones and computers). As has been documented, these minerals leave for Rwanda. Therefore, among the urgent demands of the DRC is the embargo on natural resources declared to be of Rwandan origin, in particular gold and coltan. Indeed, the international community, and in particular the EU member states, have a crucial role to play in the negotiations, as they can condition development support and cooperation in the value chain on the raw materials on which the Rwandan economy depends, as demonstrated by the exemplary measure recently taken by Germany.
In this context, the demand expressed by Pope Francis, "Hands off the DRC", resounds these days with particular force. The Lord, present in the heart of this people and its history, continues to call us to seek the peace that is the fruit of justice and to cry out again, with all our strength: "Never again war!
We give thanks to the Missionary Sisters of the Institution (MIC) for preparing this prayer on the occasion of St. Bakhita’s Day, dedicated to raising awareness against human trafficking. Many people still suffer from this violation of their human dignity, with countless cases going unreported. We pray and seek to become more aware of this reality.
As always, we extend our gratitude to our communications team, led by Vincent Ojwang, for their sacrifices in making this publication possible.
Reported by Mission Procure, St. Joseph Vaz Independent Delegation, Sri Lanka
A potential deep depression over the Southeastern and Southwestern Bay of Bengal has brought severe weather across much of Sri Lanka, especially, intensifying further into a cyclonic storm in Eastern province, leading towards heavy wind and rainfall to the country over the recent days (from 24 November 2024) resulting in widespread flooding, thunderstorms, lightning and issuance of a red warning alerts mostly all over the Nation in any way.
Flooding has impacted hundreds of thousands of individuals all around Sri Lanka. Authorities have confirmed six fatalities due to floodwaters, with seventeen other injuries and six people missing. The affected individuals suffer due to strong winds, flooding, falling trees and landslides in 267 Divisional Secretariat divisions across 21 districts.
Additionally, flooding has completely destroyed more than 82 houses and 1,465 houses have sustained partial damages. 330,894 individuals from 98,635 families have been affected, while 16,553 people from 5,305 families have been evacuated to 183 safe locations such as Schools, Churches and Divisional Secretariats across the country. Meanwhile, 59,997 people from 17,635 families have moved to their relatives’ homes due to the adverse weather. Disruptions to electricity and telecommunications services continue, where significant flooding, strong winds, and landslides might impact utility networks.
Additionally, sustained heavy rainfall triggers flooded in low-lying communities near rivers, streams, and creeks. Urban flooding in developed areas, is also being developed with easily overwhelmed stormwater drainage systems. Sites downstream from large reservoirs and rivers are a subject to flash flooding even after relatively short periods of intense rainfall. Flooding downpours has also deluged some low-lying roads in areas with poor drainage.
The severe weather does not fail to contribute to transport disruptions throughout the country. Traffic and commercial trucking delays occurs along regional highways. Train services are suspended in some mountainous regions and several major roads, including parts of the Highways have been closed temporarily. Strong winds also pose a hazard to high-profile vehicles. Hazardous weather conditions have caused flight delays and cancellations at the airports. People travelling within their surrounding for various reasons too face challenges and use barrels and private boats to move on.
Indirectly, the livelihood as well as the children’s educational activities too had been exaggerated badly. Extensive rainfall across Sri Lanka has led to widespread flooding in various regions of the island, causing a substantial impact on infrastructure and livelihoods as well. resulting in reduced food security in affected communities and households. The Examinations Department has announced that the ongoing 2024 G.C.E. Advanced Level Examination has been temporarily postponed until December 03 due to the prevailing adverse weather conditions. And other educational activities too had been halted and postponed.
The Sri Lankan Department of Meteorology, keeps on warning that very heavy showers and strong gusty winds are likely especially in the North, East, North Central and North Western provinces inclusively Matale and Kegalle districts. And increased or lesser rainfall amounts are likely across the rest of Sri Lanka. Warning of possible landslides in hilly or mountainous areas is also announced, especially where heavy rainfall has saturated the soil. The Deep Depression over Southwest Bay of Bengal moved north-northwestwards and intensified into a cyclonic storm "FENGAL" and was located about 280km Northeast of Kankasanthurai and 310 km north-northeast of Trincomalee a today, the 29th November 2024. It is likely to move west-northwestwards and cross north Tamil Nadu-Puducherry coasts as a cyclonic storm around noon of 30th November. It can be expected that the influence of this system on the island's weather will gradually reduce after today (29). Nevertheless, showers or thundershowers will occur at times in Northern and North-central provinces and in Trincomalee district. Heavy showers above 100 mm are likely at some places in Northern province. Showers will occur at times in Western, Sabaragamuwa and North-western provinces and in Galle, Matara, Matale and Kandy districts. Showers or thundershowers will occur at several places elsewhere of the island in the evening or night. Strong winds of about 60 kmph can be expected at times over Northern, North-central, North- western, Eastern, Central and Southern provinces.
Claretian Missionaries being present in several affected places, try their best to share and show solidarity with the people who are in need of cooked meals, dry rations and other essentials. Rev. Fr. Vincent De Paul Croos CMF, the director of VAROD in Vavuniya and Frs. Devaseelan CMF and Iresh Fernando CMF in China bay, Trincomalee reach the affected people with food items together with the staff. The major superior of St. Joseph Vaz Independent delegation has raised his concern for the affected people and communicated the message to the missionaries through the in-charge person to help the people of God in their respective parishes and mission places at this crucial time. The missionaries extend their solidarity as much as possible. Your prayers and supports would definitely be a sign of love and solidarity to the flood victims in Sri Lanka.
The people of Zhomba Mission in Gokwe—a region spanning the territories of three chiefs, Nenyunga, Simuchembo, and Madzivazvido—are facing an acute hunger crisis. Already marginalized economically and socially, the approximately 40,000 residents, who rely mainly on agriculture, have been devastated by a prolonged drought, with no food aid in sight.
The 2023 farming season was exceptionally harsh. Rainfall was minimal and erratic, with rains arriving late and ending abruptly, leaving crops without the necessary time to mature. This resulted in a complete crop failure. By January 2024, the impact of a severe drought was already evident, as water reservoirs began drying up, and both people and livestock struggled to find drinking water.
In this dire situation, residents looked to government, social welfare programs, and humanitarian organizations for relief. Unfortunately, no adequate measures have been put in place to address the crisis fully. A significant setback was the delayed declaration of the hunger crisis as a national disaster, which delayed the response of charity organizations like Caritas. To make matters worse, the response became entangled in partisan politics, with food aid distribution plans announced but not realized.
Programs such as food-for-work initially raised hopes, but they have yet to be implemented, leaving communities disillusioned. The limited aid from social welfare has reportedly been undermined by corruption, with benefits reserved for a few connected to local leaders, while the majority are left without assistance.
In a further blow, people have been compelled to work on road and dam projects without adequate food or compensation. Many elderly residents, long past retirement age, are among those laboring with promises of minimal compensation, often only a small sack of mealie meal. This situation has strained social values, especially respect and care for the elderly.
The struggle for survival has also led to severe environmental degradation, as many are resorting to cutting down trees for charcoal production to sell for food. This deforestation has left the area more vulnerable to strong winds, which have destroyed numerous homes. With no food for livestock, some residents are risking their lives by taking their cattle to graze in game parks, where they face dangers from both game rangers and wild animals. Tragically, some have lost their lives in these desperate attempts, and many cattle have perished from exhaustion and lack of water.
The crisis has escalated into a complex social issue, increasing crime and violent behavior in the area. Many youths have left to seek employment elsewhere, hoping to send money back home to support their families. Families are being separated as men leave in search of work, with many ending up in hazardous and exploitative conditions, including illegal mining, which has had a damaging impact on their physical and psychological health.
Access to water is another major challenge. People wait for hours to fill a single bucket and sometimes must walk over 15 kilometers overnight to obtain drinking water. The few remaining cattle are frequently stolen, or they drown in the mud as water sources dry up. Residents accuse some local police of involvement in livestock thefts by providing clearance documents for stolen cattle. The unrelenting search for water has left many exhausted and stressed, depriving them of rest and compromising their health.
The lack of clean water poses a serious health risk, as people are forced to drink unsafe water. The combination of extreme heat, long treks in the sun, and inadequate rest is taking a toll on their health. Elderly residents, in particular, face tremendous hardship as they struggle daily to survive.
Local schools have recently received government support for a food program, but the mealie meal provided is reportedly of poor quality, with some of it spoiled. The lack of balanced nutrition means that even the one meal children receive at school is insufficient, leaving them hungry for much of the day.
Looking ahead, the hunger crisis is likely to persist as residents lack seeds for the 2024 planting season and have no funds to purchase them. There is widespread frustration over the lack of fairness in government aid distribution and the absence of a platform to address grievances. Although a few individuals have attempted to organize food sharing, their efforts are like a drop in the ocean, unable to stem the flames of hunger sweeping the region. People are now even drawing water from springs deep in the game parks, despite the dangers.
There is an urgent need for food assistance to restore hope to the people of Zhomba Mission. Additionally, an investment in water infrastructure, such as boreholes, would provide a lifeline, enabling a sustainable future for this community.
On November 17, 2024, we celebrate the VIII’s World Day of the Poor and Pope Francis has chosen a particularly significant theme for this year dedicated to prayer, and in the proximity of the beginning of the Ordinary Jubilee of 2025: "The prayer of the poor rises up to God" (cf. Si 21,5).
This time the prayer has being prepared by the Claretian Sisters (RMI) with references to their founders. Let us join the whole Church in this ecclesial day of prayer.
The key word to understand the Bolivian reality before and after the militarization (coup d'état) of the government house on 26 June is "uncertainty".
It is important to comment on the situation in Bolivia when this event began; there was already a context of uncertainty marked by the dollar crisis and an internal conflict in the governing party.
With regard to the first, we are living in a situation in which there is a shortage of dollars in which, on the one hand, the official exchange price is maintained (with limits for exchanging currency through banks), but a clandestine parallel market for buying and selling dollars has been generated in which the price is notoriously higher; this generates a situation of speculation and price increases that has gradually been affecting the pockets of the general population.
The internal conflict within the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS), the current governing party, is a struggle to define its leadership between former president Evo Morales and current president Luis Arce, which, among other things, has led to a rupture between the executive and legislative branches of government. This has led to situations in which different credits and other legal proposals demanded by the executive power are not approved by the legislative power, causing a situation of political stagnation.
In this context, the coup attempt exacerbated the uncertainty experienced by the population. On the one hand, as the situation unfolded, people began to crowd into supermarkets and neighbourhood shops to stock up on basic necessities, and in banks and exchange offices, the queues for dollars intensified. The result was increased speculation and price hikes that lasted for several weeks after the event and continue to this day. On the other hand, the banks increased their policies of limiting dollar payments by creating higher limits on internet payments and decreasing the authorised amounts of monthly credit or debit cards for payments in dollars from that same day, which made the "dollar shortage" situation even more strongly felt. Shortly after the event, a fuel crisis was also generated, due to a situation in Chile's ports, which only added to the uncertainty felt by the population regarding the day-to-day economic situation.
However, in addition to the day-to-day economy, there is a strong political uncertainty that was also exacerbated after the event. During the coup attempt, several members of the Arcista wing began to say that Evo Morales was responsible for the whole thing; and later, General Zúñiga, at that time commander of the Armed Forces and the main actor in the event, began a speech in which he spoke of "an elite that took over the state" and demanded the release of opposition figures such as Jeanine Añez and Fernando Camacho (both important actors during the conflicts of 2019). After he was captured, however, General Zúñiga himself blamed Arce, indicating that he was seeking a self-coup orchestrated in conjunction with the armed forces.
In this sense, it is difficult for the general population to have a clear view of the events that took place that afternoon. There are many among the population who believe that it was all theatre (theatrical performance); there are others who accept the version that Evo Morales was behind the events, and there are others who believe that it was an affront by the military itself. In this sense, what prevails in Bolivian society today is uncertainty about the institutions of the state; that is, after the events, people have almost completely lost confidence in the state. This is also currently manifesting itself in the lack of confidence in the recently published preliminary results of the 2024 Census. This distrust in the institutions translates into a lack of credibility in any policy to be implemented, and several social sectors have begun to demand Arce's resignation and new elections, such as the trade unions and transport workers, as well as some peasant groups sympathetic to Evo Morales. On the other hand, fascist and militarist discourse also increased from that day onwards; there are sectors of the Bolivian population who think that the solution to the current situation is "the return of the military governement", with a misguided nostalgia for the military dictatorships that caused so much pain and death in the country.
As a result of all this, there was also a notorious change in President Arce's economic policies. To tackle the economic situation, the president held meetings with the Central Obrera Boliviana (workers' association), without reaching clear proposals or consensus. He then opted to meet with the country's business sector, and as a result of these meetings with businessmen, market liberalization policies are being implemented in some areas (tariffs on medicines were recently reduced) and there is a clear escalation in the reduction of restrictions for the agro-industrial sector. The latter is particularly threatening, as it comes in the midst of a context of fires in the Amazon, most of which have been caused by arson and are obviously totally unattended; reducing restrictions on agriculture could mean that this sector is being used to continue its damage to mother earth.
They are trying to get out of a complex economic situation by favouring powerful sectors of society (business and agro-industry) but ordinary people find nothing to give them security and certainty in their own situation, prices continue to rise, the dollar situation worsens and uncontrollable fires terrorize the people of the east.
A week ago Evo Morales called for a march that reached La Paz, the seat of government, threatening to encircle the area and provoke the resignation of the current president if his demands, including the resignation of several ministers, are not met. One of the main reasons for these pressure measures led by Morales is his determination to be the MAS candidate for the next presidential elections despite not having the support of a majority within his party. This march led to conflicts, riots and clashes between those who support Evo Morales and those who support President Arce.
In this context of uncertainty, the aforementioned distrust of the 2024 Census data could further aggravate regional conflict in the country, a conflict that has historically always used the least favoured sectors as cannon fodder.
Kenyans Gen Z speaks out; a voice rised out into a peaceful protest. The protests started on June 18, 2024. In Peaceful demonstrations, the Gen zs’ were airing out their dissatisfaction with the government. They were calling upon the MPs to reject the finance bill 2024; however the Mps decided to amend the finance bill. This was against the voice of the Gen z which was ‘REJECT FINANCE BILL 2024, and to not amend it.
June 18th was the final stage of the bill which the MP approved. This provoked the youth to go on the streets; they stormed parliament and vandalized it, and even burned part of it to demonstrate their anger towards those MPs who voted Yes to pass the finance Bill. But fortunately on 20th June the President did not sign the Bill though all the stages had passed. This did not cool the Gen z for after 21 days the Bill will be officially active. They demanded it to be taken back to the Mps to nullify the bill.
The president had an online gathering with the Gen z on X (space x) where they addressed all their needs including the High cost of living, Youth unemployment, police brutality, political accountability, among others. Some of their demands have been met such as the president not signing the finance bill and also firing all the cabinet secretaries (ministers). The protestors continue to push for comprehensive reforms. The situation remains volatile and the need for constructive dialogue and tangible actions are on the way. The Gen z are protesting in 25counties out of 47 counties. This has paralyzed movements and vandalized of business. A lot of brutal killings have been recorded and injuries. The youth vowed to protest every Tuesday and Thursday until their demands have been met.
