COP30 in Belém came to a close amid dramatic last-minute negotiations, deep divisions over fossil fuels, and unresolved disputes on climate finance, pushing talks into overtime and leaving the world without a clear mandate for phasing out fossil fuels. While the summit achieved progress on adaptation funding, transparency, and more inclusive climate action, its final outcome revealed the widening gap between political ambition and what science—and vulnerable communities—demand. Yet COP30 also witnessed unprecedented civil-society energy, urgent global calls for a just transition, and the resilience of the climate community. Momentum for real-world climate action continues to grow, even as much bolder decisions are needed to meet the 1.5°C goal.
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